Bp’s Code of Ethics Our Commitment to Integrity Essay

BP’s Code of Ethics: Our Commitment to Integrity A company’s code of ethics is a written set of guidelines issued by an organization to its workers and management to help them conduct their actions in accordance with its primary values and ethical standards. A code of ethics is essential for the professional functioning of a business. I have chosen to analyze BP’s code of ethics. BP’s code of ethics main statement is as follows â€Å"The BP code of conduct stands for a fundamental BP commitment – to comply with all applicable legal requirements and the high ethical standards set out in this code – wherever we operate. To help us meet this commitment, the code defines what BP expects of its businesses and people regardless of location or†¦show more content†¦The Health, safety, security and the environment section contains information about well-being of people and the environment. At BP our aspirations are – no accidents, no harm to people and no damage to the environment. We are committed to the protection of the natural environment, to the safety of the communities in which we operate, and to the health, safety and security of our people. (p.11) BP has a strong discrimination policy. The company states that â€Å"BP will not tolerate any form of abuse or harassment, in any company workplace, toward employees, contra ctors, suppliers, customers or others.† (p.21) BP does not tolerate any form of harassment or abuse. There are many resources that the company has if an employee is in need of help for any form of harassment. BP strictly adheres to what are called ‘competition’ laws in many countries and ‘antitrust’ laws in others – laws that promote or protect free and fair competition around the world. Competition laws prohibit anti-competitive behavior, such as price-fixing conspiracies. (p.35) This statement allows for fair competition for both employees and any company that conducts business with BP. The governments and community section of this code of ethics is important. Community and government involvement in a business is very important. Our aim is that countriesShow MoreRelatedBp Pipeline Case Regarding Ethical Behavior And Decision Makin1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough acquisitions in the med the 1900’s, which helped them to become one of the leading oil producers in the world. The acquisition of the Prudhoe Bay, Alaska refineries produces more than five percent of America’s oil. Therefore, it guaranteed BP’s economic goals by continuing producing oil in the United States. 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This rebranding was a signal to stakeholders that it was focused on sustainability and the need to move beyond nonrenewable energy sources. When a company tries to reposition itself as socially responsible and sustainable, it has an obligation to attempt to fulfill those policies. However, BP’s efforts backfired when on April 20, 2010Read MoreManagement3082 Words   |  13 PagesMcDo nalds Manager Trainee responsible to learn the basics operations and procedures in order to prepare for managing shifts in a McDonalds restaurant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  The Upside-Down Pyramid McDonalds Interaction direction is the main goal is to be our customers favourite place and way to eat. The upside-down pyramid show that customers and clients is the main target and they served by the frontline worker that supervise by manager. 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The Salem Witch Trials And The Early Civilizations

Although the Salem Witch trials are commonly referred to as the start of the witchcraft persecution, witchcraft can be found the early civilizations. Evidence of this is easily found in the societies that had Shamans or Healers of the village, where healing or blessings were done through spiritual connections. Back then, people were more accepting of it in their daily lives because they depended on it, but things were different in Europe during the Middle AGes. With the added influence of Christian faith, and the advancement of technology, many Europeans developed a fear of the unknown, and fear for the forces that they believed were supernatural and influenced by the devil. This terror and fear for the scientifically advanced confusion resulted in the persecution and hunt of all of the unknown, the witches of Europe. Although Witchcraft is mainly associated with The Town of Salem, Witchcraft had a presence and effect in Europe by the ways it changed everyday life for commoners, how it forced the European Government to react to its development, and the way it challenged the Catholic Church. The rise of witchcraft affected the culture and minds of the commoners by the way it provided a scapegoat for mysterious things that took place, and the jobs that it created. Witchcraft took the minds and trust of the people of Europe by storm, raising suspicion among family and friends in the townsfolk. One explanation for â€Å"belief in witchcraft in pre-industrial societies, includingShow MoreRelatedThe Salem Witch Trials Vs. Red Scare1274 Words   |  6 PagesOdunayo Aladeniyi Mrs. Van De Motter American Literature 7th 31 October 2017 The Salem Witch Trials vs. The Red Scare â€Å"All wish to possess knowledge, but few, comparatively speaking, are willing to pay the price(Juvenal)†. 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African Americans and Medicine from Slavery to Modern Times Free Essays

string(68) " and obstetrics as well as child delivery were taught with dummies\." African Americans and Medicine: From Slavery to Modern Times Imagine being sick, but never going to a doctor because you knew they would do bad things to you, make you sicker, or even kill you. When we see doctors, we are trusting them to make the best decisions to help us. However, there was a time when doctors committed the most heinous acts against those who needed them. We will write a custom essay sample on African Americans and Medicine: from Slavery to Modern Times or any similar topic only for you Order Now African American’s have been used for unethical studies and cases since the time of slavery. Some were used against their will, while others were taken advantage of by the people who were supposed to take care of them. The earlier cases of this inhumane treatment were scarcely documented, but through tales and word of mouth were passed from generation to generation. African Americans never forgot what happened to their ancestors or what could still possibly happen to them and as a result lead to the mentality that they should stay away from hospitals and doctors, furthermore creating a culture of fear surrounding institutional medicine. Unfair treatment of African Americans started during the time of slavery. In Slavery and Medicine: Enslavement and Medical Practices in Antebellum Louisiana, author Katherine Bankole describes the mentality of whites and white slave owners which dictated the treatment of slaves medically. Bankole says, â€Å"The three main areas of enslavement and medicine in the antebellum period are: theory, management, and experimentation† (Bankole 8), doctors theorized that the biology of Africans was innately inferior to that of the white race. The second area, management, involved â€Å"general health, disease, diet/nutrition, clothing, mortality, and the medical costs incurred by slaveowners. † (Bankole 8) Medical management was the most important factor that determined the success of a slave owners land. The healthier a slave was, the more he could work and produce a profit for the slave owner. This meant health care was provided at a lower cost to those who owned slaves. Through this management came the development of medical and scientific journals as well as pamphlets and almanacs. The last area discussed was experimentation. Records show documented cases of surgeries and experimental treatment and procedures. The cases show how doctors built their careers using slaves as their subjects. Slaves were used in painful surgeries against their will. Consent only needed to be given by the slave owner. A slave could receive treatment if the slave owner found it cost effective to the value of the slave. Bankole also notes, â€Å"Often slave owners equate the care they provided to enslaved Africans to the care provided to horses or other farm/plantation animals†(Bankole 28). Although it is not completely certain how slaves felt about their medical treatment, due to the fact no documentation was taken from them on this subject, through stories and folklore there is an indication that â€Å"some Africans expressed a significant fear of doctors and hospitals† (Bankole 20) . The legends indicate stories of Night Doctors, who were said to have paid slaves to dig up newly buried bodies. African Americans played the largest role in medical advancements. In The Use of Blacks for Medical Experimentation and Demonstration in the Old South, Todd Savitt explains how â€Å"southern white medical educators and researchers relied greatly on the availability of Negro patients for various purposes. Black bodies often found their way to dissecting tables, operating amphitheatres, classroom or beside demonstrations, and experimental facilities. † (Savitt 331). Though poor whites as well as European immigrants were plentiful in the northern cities of the south, blacks were easier targets because they were a voiceless people in a racially divided society. During this time bodies were greatly needed for teaching purposes. â€Å"Students had to learn anatomy, recognize and diagnose diseases, and treat conditions requiring surgery; researchers had to try out their ideas and new techniques; and practitioners had to perform autopsies to confirm their diagnoses to understand the effects of diseases on the human body. † (Savitt 332). When the French school of hospital medicine reached America in the early 19th century, the need for human specimens became more necessary, so medical schools wanted to meet these demands for their student’s education. Colleges opened clinics as well as infirmaries to further assist students. Since most patients did not want to participate in studies, these institutions became reliant on poor and enslaved citizens. Savitt goes on to say, â€Å"Neither whites nor blacks held hospitals in high esteem during the antebellum period. Not only did patients object to having medical students and doctors touching and poking them and discussing their illnesses and the merits or problems of particular modes of treatment in their presence, but they also feared that experiments might be performed on them and that they would be permitted to so autopsies could be undertaken. (Savitt 336). References of night doctors are again seen here where Savitt notes, â€Å"Black fear of medical schools and dissection inevitably carried over into the postbellum period, when whites, as a mean of maintaining control over freedmen, reinforced the idea of ‘night doctors’ who stole, killed, and then dissected blacksà ¢â‚¬  (Savitt 340). My final thought from Savitt comes from Southern medical schools boasting about their large supplies of blacks for study material. Even after their schooling, white physicians maintained the idea of the usefulness of African Americans. African Americans continued to be used for new techniques or treatments, and doctors did not fear consequences as long as death or permanent injury did not result. â€Å"Blacks, therefore, did have reason for fearing misuse at the hands of southern white physicians. † (Savitt 341). Much advancement was made in medicine as a result of experimentation. Certain doctors received their fame off the unethical treatments of slaves and African American patients. Dr. J. Marion Sims was an American surgeon who became credited with developing the area of gynecology, and has even been called, â€Å"The Father of Gynecology. Sims used enslaved women to try to discover a cure for the disease vesico-vaginal fistula. During Sims time, the practice of gynecology did not exist and obstetrics as well as child delivery were taught with dummies. You read "African Americans and Medicine: from Slavery to Modern Times" in category "Essay examples" Because enslaved women were poor, and lacked proper nutrition as well as prenatal care, they were at higher risk for developing VVF. After Sims graduated he became interested in surgery and began conducting experiments on enslaved women which resulted in the perfection of a certain surgical technique to repair the fistula. This was not Sims initial objective, but after looking after a patient one day who had fallen from a horse and had pain her pelvic area he discovered a way to better see inside the vagina which made him feel more confident in his ability to perform surgery on women with VVF. Sims used 7 enslaved women as his subjects so their consent was not necessary. His first patient was a woman named Lucy, and Sims was so sure he had discovered the proper technique for surgery he invited local doctors to come watch the surgery. Lucy had to stay in a position where she was on her knees and elbows with everyone watching, and she was not given anesthetics. Lucy was in horrible pain during and after the surgery and nearly lost her life from a blood infection she developed as a result of Sims’ experimentation. It took Sims four years to finally perfect his surgery and cure women of this disease. His first success was on a woman named Anarcha who had already received thirteen operations, all without the use of anesthetics. White women began coming to Sims after they heard of his success, but none of them could endure the pain of surgery. Among the list of unethical experiments done to African Americans, one of the most famous was the Tuskegee Study. Syphilis was a huge concern during the 1930’s in America, but not much was known at the time of the effects of advanced syphilis. The study was conducted by investigators from the United States Public Health Service on 400 African American men from Macon County, Alabama. The study was meant to last from six months to a year, but the investigators knew that the most important information would come only after the men were dead. In Experimentation on Human Beings, Susan Lederer describes the men used for the study: â€Å"The men recruited into this study were impoverished individuals; many had never seen a doctor in their entire lives† (Lederer 21). The investigators would deceive the men by offering free treatment and perform spinal punctures collecting fluid, telling them this was a treatment for the condition. The investigators wanted to make sure the men would go on not receiving treatment so they would keep them from being enlisted in military service, during World War II, because once in the military they would receive mandatory syphilis treatment. The Center for Disease control held a meeting in 1969 to discuss whether the study should continue or not. Only one professor protested the study saying the men should be receiving treatment. It was only three years later when reports of the study flooded through American media, and Americans were shocked and disgusted in the governments treatment of these vulnerable subjects that the study was closed in 1972. In light of the study as well as other unethical studies at that time, Congress adopted the National Research Act in 1974. This act required that the people must give a written consent before partaking in studies. Given the history of medical experimentation of African Americans, one is left to wonder if it has had an effect on the modern day perspective of the African American and medicine. A study conducted in 2006 by doctors, Elizabeth Jacobs, Italia Rolle, Carol Estwing Ferrans, Eric Whitaker, and Richard Warnecke, to see what trust or distrust of physicians means to African Americans. They found that the African Americans they tested had more trust based on the â€Å"interpersonal and technical competence of physicians. † While distrust stemmed from â€Å"lack of interpersonal and technical competence, perceived quest for profit and expectations of racism and experimentation during routine provision of health care. If patients felt their physician was untrustworthy they would either keep information to themselves or lie about their medical history, change doctors, or even refuse to seek medical care. Multiple studies have shown that African Americans are more likely to distrust physicians than Caucasian Americans. One of the female patients in the study was quoted saying, â€Å"Over my period of time dealing with the medical field, I know that you do need a hell of a lot of trust in the physicians or the medical field and the institutions. The patient goes on to say, â€Å"But I don’t know how most people are, but it reminds me of the Tuskegee Institute where they messed around and they made the brothers have the disease instead of treating them they just wanted to see how it was going to affect them. So maybe sometimes you go instead of getting treated they just want to see what it’s going to do to you and they’ll try this and try that and they may give you a sugar pill. Because it’s not like they haven’t seen anyone dead before so the only time they get affected [by dead people] is when it’s personal. So that’s why a lot of people have mistrust. (Jacobs et al) Although there have been great medical discoveries made over the last two centuries in American medicine, the cost of these discoveries has been paid by the lives of individuals who were or deceived into partaking in these expe riments. As a result, centuries later, there is still concern as to whether or not physicians are to be trusted to ethically perform their duties on patients. We owe so much of what has been established in the field of medicine to the slaves in America. Their pain and suffering paved the road to medical advancements, and their sacrifices need to be recognized as well as praised. How to cite African Americans and Medicine: from Slavery to Modern Times, Essay examples

Liquor License Transfer Obligations

Question: Discuss about theLiquor License Transfer Obligations. Answer: Introduction I have experienced that the main purpose of the Liquor Act 2010 (LA) is to govern the supply, consumption, sale and promotion of liquor. The LA aims to reduce the harm which is associated in relation to liquor consumption, to provide for reasonable development of hospitality and liquor industry and to promote responsibility towards the consumption of liquor. I got to know that the supply of liquor by a person can only be done if he has obtained a valid liquor license under the provisions of this Act. I was also enlightened about Section 40 of the LA according to which in order to transfer the obtained license to another person (the new licensee) the owner of the license must make an application to the commissioner. The applicant (present licensee) must make such application to the commissioner in writing. The application must include all details in relation to suitability information with respect to the person to whom the license is to be transferred, all associates who are close to the proposed person, in case the proposed person is a corporation than all person who hold an influential position in the corporation and in case where a third person would be in control of the daily activity of the business other than the proposed licensee than details of all such third persons. The application made by me should be in compliance with section 40 part C with respect to the police report which must be made within 30 days. This application must be with respect to the person to whom the license is to be transferred; all associates close to that person, in case of corporation all influential position holders of the corporation and all third parties who would be in control of the business other than the proposed license holder. I got to known about Section 69 of the LA which deals with suitability information with respect to a person which is required under Section 40 part c and includes details about finding of guilt or conviction under the provided legislations which mainly comprises of the provisions of this Act, the Crimes Act 1900, the Criminal Code, the Criminal Code Act 1995, any law which is in force in Australia with respect to consumption and supply of liquor or any office which involves a minimum penalty of 1 year or more. The report must also contain details about any non compliance by the proposed person with respect to supply of labor, whether all requirements of this act have been complied with, whether the person was a bankrupt or insolvent during the preceding five years, the knowledge of the person with respect to all obligations arising out of this act and the ability of person to safely and responsibly supply liquor. Part 2 of the Section provides that a corporation is deemed to be insol vent if it is being wound up, had a controller or receiver appointed or is under external application with respect to the Corporations Act 2001. I experienced that If a person is found to provide false and misleading information with respect to the application he could be prosecuted under the provisions of Section 338 of the Criminal Code. In case a form has been approved with respect to Section 228 of the LA it has to be used. The application fee is determined with respect to the provisions of Section 227 of the LA. I have also understood the provisions of Section 41 of the LA which are applicable in case the commissioner has received a valid application with respect to Section 40. The commissioner will only transfer the license to the proposed person if he is satisfied that all the person who have provided a suitability information in relation to the license are suitable person under the provisions of this Act. In case the under the provisions of Section 70(2)(c) the commissioner has requested the proposed new licensee to provide information about another person than his suitability with respect to the license would not be effected. The commissioner should also be satisfied with the fact that the person to whom the license is to be transferred has complied with all the provisions of the act is would be likely to do so in the future. I got to know that the transfer application has to be decided by the commission within the requested time and such decision has to be communicated to the licensee. The Section further provides the definition of requested time according to which in case a commissioner has requested a police certificate than requested time is 30 days after the police certificate is provided to the commissioner and 30 days after the application has been received by the commissioner. In case the application has not been decided within the requested time than it is considered that the application has been rejected by the commissioner on the basis of Section 12 of the Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2008 I experienced that Section 67 of the LA provides that a suitable person to whom a license can be transferred is a person with whose information the commissioner is satisfied. The application has to be decided by the commissioner giving regards to principles of community safety and the minimization of harm in the society. I also got to know that a person has committed an offence under this Act if he has been involved in supplying liquor to children and young people under divisions 8.3 of the LA. Division 10 of the act provides powers to authorized persons to enter premises for the purpose of search and with respect to forfeiture and return of seized articles. The concept of occupational discipline as provided by Division 11.3 of the LA applies to person who have contravened the provisions of the Act, he is not a suitable person according to Act, the premises is not suitable according to the Act, the licensee as not been able to comply with the directions issued by the commissioner and an emergency closure had been made by the a senior police with respect to the licensee and he has not abided by such order. I am now aware of the fact that license can be suspended if the licensee has not abided by the directions of the commissioner or has made a breach with respect to the conditions implied on the license. The license can also be suspended if it is found that such actions are towards public interest. The training which I have received in relation to the existing laws with respect to the supply of alcohol has help me a lot towards understanding my obligations towards alcohol license. Now I am aware of all the obligations for which I might be held liable for the breach of this act and what are my responsibilities towards the alcohol license. References The Liquor Act 2010